Vehicle gas turbine free wheel overdrive
Description
p 1952 s . H. GRYLLS VEHICLE FREE GAS TURBINE WHEEL OVERDRIVE Filed December 1, 1947 QMB \ mm MMK hill.NWA v wwi V W patented April 1, 1952 " ehicle GAS TURBINE WHEEL Shadwell OVERDRIVE FREE Harry Grylls , DUI - field , England , as-Signor Rolls - Royce Limited, Derby , England ,application a British company December 1, 1947 , Serial No. 789 099 in Britain November 29, 1946 Section 1 of Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 the patent expires November 29, 1966 22
Claims . 1
This invention relates to powered vehicles , -and more particularly to the propulsion of the motor vehicle or the like. systems in which the power of an engine or motor is transmitted to the wheels or equivalent means steering propulsion . The invention relates to the provision of a transmissiomtherefor - gas turbine power to the system and adequate , the object of the invention to provide desirable characteristics in a carrier gas turbine to supply the facility.It is contemplated that the application of a gas turbine to a wheeled vehicle , e. g . , A car, the engine will understand a compressor driven by a turbine. hereinafter referred to as compressor tov - turbine and power turbine connected to separately drive the drive wheels, or equivalent means propulsion.According to the present invention in a power plant gas turbine aspect av for the propulsion of vehicles of the above kind is provided with a freewheel or clutch - interposed between the compressor device - turbine and freewheel device such power turbine serving in the overdrive, i . e. When the power of the turbine - is driven by the drive wheels or equivalent means propulsion , to connect the power turbine drive with compressorturbine thereby imposing a braking torque to the turbine power due to conduction compressorsystem of the road wheels or equivalent.According to this invention, in another aspect, a gas turbine power plant comprising a compressor having a compressor set and compressorturbine , driving a vehicle having a powerturbine set for driving the vehicle drive means and . driving connection between the freewheeling compressor assembly and driving assembly operative to drive the compressor from the set established driving when the latter about - running compressor assembly .According to this invention, in another aspect, a gas turbine power plant comprising a compressor assembly having a compressor and a compressor - turbine , a set vehicle - having a drive for driving powerturbine media vehicle propulsion , and . over - current conduction connection between the compressor and the power turbine - turbineoperative unit for transmitting a power turbine of the compressor - turbine when conduction assembly tends to over - operating the compressor .According to another feature of the invention, a carrier gas turbine power station installation com - . , Includes separate compressor and power turbines. and freewheel device or clutch adapted to connect the power to the compressor turbine in the turbine , meaning on - drive power turbine in relation to the compressor - turbinebeing provided a reduction gear for driving the freewheel or clutch - element associated with the power - turbine at a rotational speed which is lower than the rotation speed of the powerturbine . Alternatively, the free wheel or clutch associated with the compressor turbine can be driven by the latter through a speed multiplier . It is contemplated that such a reduction gear (or speed multiplier ) may be desirable to avoid excessive braking torque applied to the compressor turbine assembly on the envelope - unit.According to a further feature , the invention provides for reducing the supply of fuel during vehicle deceleration to a value below that normally required for idling or slow rumiing means being provided to raise this to an appropriate value fuelsupply for idling, at a relatively low speed of the power turbine , when the reverse torque or braking becomes ineffective . The adoption of this feature will allow the braking torque to be imposed by the compressor - set in a speed range within which the compressor - set would not normally run when self - powered, i . e. at low speeds , which all but self-driving , is inefficient. In a fuel supply increased to a value corresponding to the idle or slow running , the compressor - set will accelerate to idle speed .In some cases , the reduced fuel supply can simply maintain a pilot flame within the combustion - compressor equipment - together make ignition of fuel supplied to accelerate the set of the idle speed. The fuel control may be conveniently effected by means of a regulator driven . a rate proportional to the speed of the vehicle , so that when the car - the accelerator, fuelsupply turns off completely (apart . pilot flame reduced power or equivalent), the governor device . maintaining the control valve closed until it reaches a predetermined low speed of the vehicle deceleration. Alternatively, the governor device can be driven at a speed proportional to the rotational speed of the power turbine - such an arrangement is convenient when a gearbox input speed change in the power transmission between turbine and wheeled road or equivalent.A carrier gas turbine power plant will now be described by way of example of this invention , referring to the attached ; drawingv diagram illustrating the plant.The gas turbine power plant comprises a centrifugal air compressor IE ] having inlet ducts ll , l2 centrifugal impeller and the volute supply air [3 . The air compressor is powered by a L6 axialturbine .3 turbine flow L4 single stage , through a drive shaft of a power turbine is also the type of a single stage axial flow through H shaft drives a high speed pinion [ 8 reduction gear [9 , the output shaft 20 is connected to the means of propulsion of vehicles , e. g . the drive wheels 20a.Air supplied by the compressor through I3 l volute casing passes into a heat exchanger through air inlet 2 | . The heat exchanger comprising a matrix of heat exchange tubes 22 , through which the exhaust gas turbine and I6 L4 passes after entering the heat exchanger through gas inlet 23 . The exhaust gas outlet of the heat exchanger housing shown at 24 , and within the die cylinder tube 22 is not a combustion chamber 25 which is surrounded by a tube 26. The tube 26 terminates at 21 , so that air entering the heat exchange casing through the inlet tube 2i through the die 22 to enter the combustion chamber through the lid 28 and the inlet swirl holes 29 , while some of the air flows down the annular passage 30 between the combustion chamber and the tube 26 , enters the combustion chamber through holes 3 | . A fuel injection nozzle 32 is arranged to supply liquid fuel into the combustion chamber , the air entering through the swirl cap 28 and the apertures 29 and 3 | , constituting supplies primary air to the secondary and tertiary combustion chamber in a known manner .Be appreciated that in traversing the heat exchange matrix 22, the air supplied by the compressor i0 is preheated before entering the combustion chamber , the combustion products from the chamber to be delivered through conduit 33 into a chamber volute 34, the output of which is provided by a turbine fixed annular nozzle 35 located upstream of the compressorturbine L5 . Exhaust flow i4 turbine passes through the annular passage 36 to a second fixed turbine nozzle ring 31 located upstream of the movement profile of the power - the turbine exhaust L6 power passes through the exhaust annular conduit 38 which is provided as a diffusion step , to enter the heat exchanger housing through the inlet 23 .According to this embodiment of the invention, there is provided a freewheel device which is arranged to connect the turbine to power the compressor i6 turbine - [4 in the direction of travel . To this end, L4 turbine compressor drives a shaft 40 which carries a freewheel clutch driven member 4] . The freewheel clutch member 42 is carried by a shaft 43, and rollers 44 are interposed between the driving and overrunning clutch driven elements , rollers applied to inclined surfaces , to jam both parts together when the shaft 43 tends to rotate at a speed in excess of the shaft 40 . Shaft 43 is driven by the turbine [6 through the drive pinion shaft 45 which carries spur gear 46 engage 41 Lay- supported shaft 48 . The lay- shaft 48 also carries a gear 49 engaging gear 59, the latter gear is supported on the shaft 43 .The gear train described provides for operating the clutch shaft 43 and the driving member 42 at a reduced speed compared with that of the power turbine it. For example, the value of the speed reduction effected by the gear train may be in the range of 3:02 and 4. This value is determined based on the particular characteristics of the maximum operating speeds of the compression and power systems of the turbine.The embodiment of the invetnion are shown in the drawing also includes a fuel control system which is arranged to reduce the fuel supply to the power plant during deceleration of the vehicle to a value that is less than that normally is required for slow operation . The fuel system comprises a fuel tank 68 shown in the supply of fuel to a fuel pump driven by the engine 6! driven through the shaft 62 and suitable reduction gearing from the compressor system 10 . Fuel is delivered by pump 51 through pipe 63 to a main throttle valve 64 , and thence through pipe 65 to the fuel injection nozzle 32 . The throttle valve 64 is arranged when closed to reduce the supply of fuel below that required for slow operation , and the fuel supply to operate normally slow flowing through bypass pipe- line 56 . An additional auxiliary fuel nozzle 61 is arranged to inject fuel into the combustion chamber , which is supplied from the pipe line 63 through the pipe line 68 . This auxiliary nozzle 6! may constitute the means for effecting the initial power in the combustion chamber at the start of the power plant, being provided a cap proper electrical spark igniter associated therewith . Furthermore, the fuel supply to the burner 6 ! is maintained at all times when the plant is operating.The bypass fuel line pipe 66 includes a valve 69 which is operated by a centrifugal regulator 10 which is driven via governor shaft H , L2 and the bevel gear shaft 13 , the turbine shaft power 11. Governor adjustment H ! is such that the valve 69 is closed when the turbine speed power exceeds a pre - selected and opens when the speed of the power turbine that speed drops below pro - selected . Therefore, when this value is exceeded 54 is completely closed and the supply of fuel to the fuel injection nozzle 32 through the by-pass will cease. Fuel delivery is , however , keeps the auxiliary burner 61 , to maintain a pilot flame to ignite the fuel available delivered by the burner 32, when the speed of powerturbine [5 decreases below the pre - selected or when the throttle valve 64 is opened to accelerate the vehicle .The operation of the power plant described above is as follows:It is assumed that the compressor - turbine operates at a maximum speed exceeding the maximum speed of the power turbine . corresponding to the maximum vehicle speed . Therefore, at all times when power is being delivered to the drive wheels of the compressor - I4 turbine is running at a speed exceeding the speed of powerturbine l6 .When it is desired to decelerate the vehicle , the throttle valve 64 moves in the closing direction to reduce fuel supply to the fuel nozzle 32 . This results in the system slowing compressor - turbine speed until the freewheel clutch driven member 4! corresponds to the speed of the drive member of the overrunning clutch , 42 when free-wheeling unit is coupled through the medium of rollers 44 for applying a braking torque to the drive wheels 20 due to driving wheels compressor assembly . The provision of a reduction gear between powerturbine 16 and clutch actuating member 43 ensures that the torque imposed on maintained closed abovea ra - selected turbine speed relatively low power , which corresponds a : relative speed lowvehicle . Therefore, the valve closing thethrottle 64, when the vehicle speed traveliling a valve in excess of this pro- determined result in the cessation of fuel flow the'inj'ecti'onnozzle 32 , nozzle 61 ' to maintain a pilot flame. The braking torque is imposed by the compressor ) on the drive wheels, is theref'orebe maintained during deceleration of the vehicle to the preset speed when 69 thevalve be inaugurated by Governor Into- provide a fuel flow meter pipe - E5 line to the nozzle 32, be maintained slowrunning ' power plant . Belowthe preselected turbine power system , the braking torque is ' what become ineffective , the compressor - turbine'system running'speed accelerate to slow normal .Adopting this fuel control system allows the braking torque is maintained down to a vehicle speed less than that which'is be admissible if the minimum speed compressor system - turbine that were defined by the condition of low normal engine speed . The lower limit of the speed of the turbine compressor system during deceleration must be chosen such that the fuel supply reinstated by opening the valve 69, can accelerate the engine without resulting in excessive temperatures.It will be appreciated very that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described above. For example, the reduction gear used in the driving element driving the freewheel clutch may be of epi'cyclic and the clutch may be of a type comprising frictional engagement faces are moved into and out of engagement the actuating mechanism operated by hydraulic or mechanical according Ormay sense of unity to be a hydraulic freewheel . Furthermore, if desired, a simple gear mechanism speed change can be introduced into the transmission between the reduction gear powerturbine to the road wheels or equivalent means propulsion.
Claim:
I. A land vehicle gas turbine power plant comprising a compressor , turbine driving said compressor , turbine energy, are coupled by land vehicle propulsion , transmission means between said power turbine and said means propulsion , and a link between compressorturbine and power turbine coupling is operable to allow a unit to be transmitted through it only turbine to power turbine compressor turbine 2.v land vehicle gas power plant comprising a compressor system , a system for driving said compressor compressorturbine the system, a turbine power system , earth - vehiclepropelling coupling means , said transmission mechanism between turbine power system and said propell'ingmeans , and a coupling disposed between said drive means and said compressor system , which is capable of coupling allows a unit to be transmitted through it from the driving means to said compressor system , and - transmission - a unit in the reverse direction .Three . A land comprising the gas turbine system vehicle compressor plant , turbine , conduction system , said compressor, a power system ' land turbine participation - through in vehicles between said drive mechanism . powerturbine . powertrain and said media and an overrunning clutch adapted to connect . said pro - six pollingmeans with that ; - comptessor : System: transmit. a unit for the compressor system . propulsion means andtobeincapableoiidriving propulsion means ; from , compressor system .4 '. A gas turbine plant power land vehicle comprising: a compressor system , a compressor driving turbine system . said compressor ; system a . first rotor in said system oompressor turbine energy system turbine , a second rotor in said system DOWGI ' tllIbil'lEa , land of coupling . vehicle propulsion means , a transmission mechanism : be - between said ignition system and turbine . said , means driving , a freewheel . actuated clutch . mother - . the system associated with said turbine compressor , a freewheel . clutch driving : associate member said ignition system of the turbine. conducting connections between each ofsaid clutch members and associates. turbine systems , gear means in said conduit connections , such that: the clutch part . and disengage in a. default. speed ratio of said first and second rotors.May . A gas turbine plant land vehicle system comprising a compressor, a : compressorturbine system , connected to drive said compressor system , a first rotor in said turbine compressor system a turbine power system , a second rotor that power - turbine. system , land - in : - hydrometric means of powering vehicles , the transmission mechanism between said power turbine : system and said propelling means a free Wheelclutch driven . member associated with said compressor - . turbine system a freewheel . driving : an associate member , the system power.turbine , promoting connections between each OFL said . ANDV its clutch elements . associated . turbine system , gear means in said connectionssuch that the clutch and engage disenga and driving. a ratio of the speed of said . a first rotor speed , said second rotor which is smaller than unity. vJune . A land vehicle gas turbine . power plant , comprising a compressor system , one system compressorturbine drivezsaidlcompres connectedv the system - 801E , a first rotor in said compressor system - tubbine , a power turbine . system , a second rotor in said coupling turbine power system , the earth. vehicle propulsion means , among transmissionmechanism . said power turbine , system and said propelling means , one overrunning clutch associatedv driven member to said turbine compressor system a second drive element associated freewheel . with : Power systerm said turbine direct drive connection between said driving clutch and said compressor - turbine. system , a reduction gear connecting the actuating said overrunning clutch actuating element and said turbine power system , so that the parts of the clutch engaging and disengaging in a ratio of the speed of said first rotor at a speed of said second rotor , which is less than unity .'7 . A gas turbine plant land vehicle system comprising a compressor , combustion equipment , the fuel supply means to said tión combustion turbine compressor system driving said compressor system , a system turbine power , land vehicle propulsion hitch - means, a transmission mechanism between the system unit power turbine and said propellingmeans , clutch means : between these energy systems turbine compressor turbine ANDV willing to connect the system turbine power drivinglywith . compressor system in the sense oi unit since inthe system compressor turbine system power turbine and Tobe inoperative. to drive in the re , -verse direction , means for reducing the fuel supply to said combustion equipment to a value less than that normally required to slow - operation of the power plant when driving connection is made through said clutch means between compressor systems turbine and power turbine , and said means for increasing fuel supply to a value suitable for idle power plant at a predetermined rotational speed of the turbine power system that when the system energy turbine is driving the turbine compressor system corresponds to a compressor - turbine speed, which is greater than the speed of auto- driving of the plant and at least less than said idle speed .August . A gas turbine plant land vehicle comprising a system of compressors, combustion equipment , the fuel supply means to said combustion equipment , a turbine driving said compressor system compressor system , a first rotor in said system compressor turbine , a power system turbine , a second turbine rotor in said power coupling system of land vehicle propulsion means , a drive mechanism between the transmission power of said turbine system and said means propulsion , the clutch mechanism arranged to connect the power system to drive turbine turbine compressor system and to disconnect the power system from the system turbine turbine compressor respectively above and below a speed ratio of said first rotor to said second rotor speed , which is less than unity , fuel control means in said fuel supply arranged to reduce the fuel supply to a lower value than would normally be required for slow operation plant when the clutch mechanism connects the turbine system and that said means for increasing fuel supply to an appropriate value for the plant slowrunning a predetermined rotational speed of the turbine power system when the system energy turbine is driving the turbine compressor system corresponds to a speed compressor system - turbine speed is greater than the minimum self-driving and plant less than said idle speed .9. A gas turbine power plant land vehicle as claimed in claim 7 , which includes a main fuel delivery means to said combustion equipment , the auxiliary fuel supply means to said combustion equipment , control means for oil cut the fuel supply to said main fuel supply means and to keep the fuel supplyof such aids when the fuel supply is reduced below that required for the slow - operation of the power plant.10 . A gas turbine plant land vehicle system comprising a compressor , combustion equipment , the fuel supply means to said combustion equipment , compressor system - turbine driving said compressor system , a system of turbine power the ground engaging means for propelling vehicles, transmission mechanism between said system and said propelling means powerturbine means an overrunning clutch arranged to connect said turbine system drive power to said compressor system in the sense system drive power turbine compressor system , a centrifugal regulator means driven at a speed proportional to the speed powerturbine system , fuel control means operated by said centrifugal governor arranged to reduce the fuel supplied to said combustion equipment to a value less than that normally required for slow power plant , said governor means being arranged to increase said fuel supply to a value suitable for idling at a predetermined speed powerturbine system that when the system power turbine is driving the turbine compressor system corresponds to a speed compressor system - turbine that is greater than the minimum speed selfdriving plant and less than said idle speed .11. A land vehicle gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 10 comprising a first fuel supply conduit , the fuel control valve means actuated by the centrifugal regulator in such first conduit means , a second conduit fuel supply in parallel with said first conduit and the main power throttle control means in said second conduit 12. A gas turbine power plant for propulsion of land vehicle comprising a compressor configured to have a compressor and turbine driven compressor connected together, means coupling propulsive land vehicle , driving a vehicle that has a power set turbine for driving said propulsion means , and a self - running clutch having a clutch actuating member connected to be driven by said driving and driven clutch element connected to drive said compressor assembly , and operable to established to drive the compressor from the set of driving when the clutch actuating member tends to over - stroke driven clutch member .13. A gas turbine power plant for propulsion of land vehicle comprising a compressor configured to have a compressor and a compressor drive turbine interconnected, means coupling propulsive land vehicle , a set vehicle - having a driving power turbine for driving said propulsion means , and a connection conduit having a free wheel driving member cltuch connected to be driven by said power turbine and clutch driven member connected to drive said compressor turbine and a unit operative to transmit power from the turbine of the compressor turbine when said driving clutch member tends to invade said clutch driven member .14. A gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 13 , wherein said compressor assembly includes a first rotor and said drive assembly includes a second rotor , and wherein said driving connection to - running gear comprising so that the driving connection becomes effective only after said first rotor speed has fallen to a value which has a preselected relationship to the speed of said second rotor.15. A gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 14 wherein the drive linkage includes a free-wheel reduction gear between said clutch actuating member and said power turbine so that said drive member clutch rotates at a speed less than the power of the turbine .16. A gas turbine power plant for propulsion - land vehicle set comprising a compressor having a compressor and a compressor drive turbine interconnected, land vehicle drive means coupling a set vehicle - having driving a power turbine for driving said drive means , a drive member of the clutch, driving clutch element a driving connection between the driven element of the clutch and the compressor - turbine , a second connection between the driving and powerturbine clutch member means operative to transmit a drive from the clutch actuating member for the clutch driven element when the clutch actuating member tends to invade the driven member , the clutch combustion equipment is supplied to the air from said compressor , fuel supply means fuel delivery to the combustion equipment including a throttle valve to control the supply of fuel for acceleration and deceleration , a fuel supply independent inching said throttle valve to provide sufficient fuel for the plant to operate normally slow operating speed , a closure valve for closing said slow-running fuel supply , and the governor means driving operation regulated to maintain the oil valve " closed until the set driving speed has fallen below a preset value when the driving assembly and the compressor assembly are connected corresponds to a set drive speed compressor which is higher than the minimum driving speed auto- plant and less than said idle speed , and then to restore power idle fuel by opening the valve, and means for conducting the combustion gases from the combustion equipment to the turbine and compressor power turbine .17. A gas - turbine power plant as claimed in claim 16 wherein said fuel supply means includes a pilot fuel supply throttlecontrolled independent supply and fuel supply slow operation, fuel supply to pilot fuel supplied to the combustion equipment throughout the operation of the plant.18. A gas turbine power plant land vehicle propulsion rotor comprising a compressor , a first turbine rotor connected to drive said compressor rotor ; participation land vehicle drive means and wheel clutch disposed between said drive means and said compressor rotor whereby said rotor compressor provides a braking torque to said drive means during deceleration of the vehicle only , a second turbine connected to drive said drive means , combustion equipment arranged to supply working fluid to both said turbine , a fuel supply system for said combustion equipment , means for reducing the fuel supply for the vehicle deceleration to a value below that normally required for idling or slow running of the plant , and means for increase the fuel supply to an appropriate value for idling or slow operation of the plant when the second turbine speed has dropped to a value pre - sele'cted that when the propulsion means is driving the compressor rotor , corresponds to a speed of the compressor , which is higher than the speed of auto- driving of the plant and at least less than said idle speed .19. A gas - turbine power plant as claimed in claim 18 wherein the fuel supply means 10 includes a main throttle , which is closed when the fuel supply decreases to a value below that required for slow operation an auxiliary fuel supply to supply fuel during idle, a shut off valve controlling said auxiliary fuel supply control speed sensitive means to open said valve when the speed falls below a preselected speed and to keep it closed to speeds above said preselected speed.20 . A gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 19 wherein said auxiliary fuel supply comprises a by-pass of the main throttle valve that is located in the bypass.21. A gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the fuel supply means also includes a pilot fuel supply which is arranged to be operative during operation of the plant.22. In a land vehicle , of the kind comprising the earth - that participate propulsion means , a compressor, a gas turbine for driving said compressor , fuel supply means for these turbines, and control means of said supply means fuel speedsensitive including a device arranged to control said fuel supply means for supplying fuel for idling of said turbine and the compressor when the speed detected by said speed-sensitive device passes through a selected value during deceleration, combination of those elements of a clutch between said compressor and said drive means engaging the ground and a connection between said transmission speed sensitive device and said propelling means .
Description
p 1952 s . H. GRYLLS VEHICLE FREE GAS TURBINE WHEEL OVERDRIVE Filed December 1, 1947 QMB \ mm MMK hill.NWA v wwi V W patented April 1, 1952 " ehicle GAS TURBINE WHEEL Shadwell OVERDRIVE FREE Harry Grylls , DUI - field , England , as-Signor Rolls - Royce Limited, Derby , England ,application a British company December 1, 1947 , Serial No. 789 099 in Britain November 29, 1946 Section 1 of Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 the patent expires November 29, 1966 22
This invention relates to powered vehicles , -and more particularly to the propulsion of the motor vehicle or the like. systems in which the power of an engine or motor is transmitted to the wheels or equivalent means steering propulsion . The invention relates to the provision of a transmissiomtherefor - gas turbine power to the system and adequate , the object of the invention to provide desirable characteristics in a carrier gas turbine to supply the facility.It is contemplated that the application of a gas turbine to a wheeled vehicle , e. g . , A car, the engine will understand a compressor driven by a turbine. hereinafter referred to as compressor tov - turbine and power turbine connected to separately drive the drive wheels, or equivalent means propulsion.According to the present invention in a power plant gas turbine aspect av for the propulsion of vehicles of the above kind is provided with a freewheel or clutch - interposed between the compressor device - turbine and freewheel device such power turbine serving in the overdrive, i . e. When the power of the turbine - is driven by the drive wheels or equivalent means propulsion , to connect the power turbine drive with compressorturbine thereby imposing a braking torque to the turbine power due to conduction compressorsystem of the road wheels or equivalent.According to this invention, in another aspect, a gas turbine power plant comprising a compressor having a compressor set and compressorturbine , driving a vehicle having a powerturbine set for driving the vehicle drive means and . driving connection between the freewheeling compressor assembly and driving assembly operative to drive the compressor from the set established driving when the latter about - running compressor assembly .According to this invention, in another aspect, a gas turbine power plant comprising a compressor assembly having a compressor and a compressor - turbine , a set vehicle - having a drive for driving powerturbine media vehicle propulsion , and . over - current conduction connection between the compressor and the power turbine - turbineoperative unit for transmitting a power turbine of the compressor - turbine when conduction assembly tends to over - operating the compressor .According to another feature of the invention, a carrier gas turbine power station installation com - . , Includes separate compressor and power turbines. and freewheel device or clutch adapted to connect the power to the compressor turbine in the turbine , meaning on - drive power turbine in relation to the compressor - turbinebeing provided a reduction gear for driving the freewheel or clutch - element associated with the power - turbine at a rotational speed which is lower than the rotation speed of the powerturbine . Alternatively, the free wheel or clutch associated with the compressor turbine can be driven by the latter through a speed multiplier . It is contemplated that such a reduction gear (or speed multiplier ) may be desirable to avoid excessive braking torque applied to the compressor turbine assembly on the envelope - unit.According to a further feature , the invention provides for reducing the supply of fuel during vehicle deceleration to a value below that normally required for idling or slow rumiing means being provided to raise this to an appropriate value fuelsupply for idling, at a relatively low speed of the power turbine , when the reverse torque or braking becomes ineffective . The adoption of this feature will allow the braking torque to be imposed by the compressor - set in a speed range within which the compressor - set would not normally run when self - powered, i . e. at low speeds , which all but self-driving , is inefficient. In a fuel supply increased to a value corresponding to the idle or slow running , the compressor - set will accelerate to idle speed .In some cases , the reduced fuel supply can simply maintain a pilot flame within the combustion - compressor equipment - together make ignition of fuel supplied to accelerate the set of the idle speed. The fuel control may be conveniently effected by means of a regulator driven . a rate proportional to the speed of the vehicle , so that when the car - the accelerator, fuelsupply turns off completely (apart . pilot flame reduced power or equivalent), the governor device . maintaining the control valve closed until it reaches a predetermined low speed of the vehicle deceleration. Alternatively, the governor device can be driven at a speed proportional to the rotational speed of the power turbine - such an arrangement is convenient when a gearbox input speed change in the power transmission between turbine and wheeled road or equivalent.A carrier gas turbine power plant will now be described by way of example of this invention , referring to the attached ; drawingv diagram illustrating the plant.The gas turbine power plant comprises a centrifugal air compressor IE ] having inlet ducts ll , l2 centrifugal impeller and the volute supply air [3 . The air compressor is powered by a L6 axialturbine .3 turbine flow L4 single stage , through a drive shaft of a power turbine is also the type of a single stage axial flow through H shaft drives a high speed pinion [ 8 reduction gear [9 , the output shaft 20 is connected to the means of propulsion of vehicles , e. g . the drive wheels 20a.Air supplied by the compressor through I3 l volute casing passes into a heat exchanger through air inlet 2 | . The heat exchanger comprising a matrix of heat exchange tubes 22 , through which the exhaust gas turbine and I6 L4 passes after entering the heat exchanger through gas inlet 23 . The exhaust gas outlet of the heat exchanger housing shown at 24 , and within the die cylinder tube 22 is not a combustion chamber 25 which is surrounded by a tube 26. The tube 26 terminates at 21 , so that air entering the heat exchange casing through the inlet tube 2i through the die 22 to enter the combustion chamber through the lid 28 and the inlet swirl holes 29 , while some of the air flows down the annular passage 30 between the combustion chamber and the tube 26 , enters the combustion chamber through holes 3 | . A fuel injection nozzle 32 is arranged to supply liquid fuel into the combustion chamber , the air entering through the swirl cap 28 and the apertures 29 and 3 | , constituting supplies primary air to the secondary and tertiary combustion chamber in a known manner .Be appreciated that in traversing the heat exchange matrix 22, the air supplied by the compressor i0 is preheated before entering the combustion chamber , the combustion products from the chamber to be delivered through conduit 33 into a chamber volute 34, the output of which is provided by a turbine fixed annular nozzle 35 located upstream of the compressorturbine L5 . Exhaust flow i4 turbine passes through the annular passage 36 to a second fixed turbine nozzle ring 31 located upstream of the movement profile of the power - the turbine exhaust L6 power passes through the exhaust annular conduit 38 which is provided as a diffusion step , to enter the heat exchanger housing through the inlet 23 .According to this embodiment of the invention, there is provided a freewheel device which is arranged to connect the turbine to power the compressor i6 turbine - [4 in the direction of travel . To this end, L4 turbine compressor drives a shaft 40 which carries a freewheel clutch driven member 4] . The freewheel clutch member 42 is carried by a shaft 43, and rollers 44 are interposed between the driving and overrunning clutch driven elements , rollers applied to inclined surfaces , to jam both parts together when the shaft 43 tends to rotate at a speed in excess of the shaft 40 . Shaft 43 is driven by the turbine [6 through the drive pinion shaft 45 which carries spur gear 46 engage 41 Lay- supported shaft 48 . The lay- shaft 48 also carries a gear 49 engaging gear 59, the latter gear is supported on the shaft 43 .The gear train described provides for operating the clutch shaft 43 and the driving member 42 at a reduced speed compared with that of the power turbine it. For example, the value of the speed reduction effected by the gear train may be in the range of 3:02 and 4. This value is determined based on the particular characteristics of the maximum operating speeds of the compression and power systems of the turbine.The embodiment of the invetnion are shown in the drawing also includes a fuel control system which is arranged to reduce the fuel supply to the power plant during deceleration of the vehicle to a value that is less than that normally is required for slow operation . The fuel system comprises a fuel tank 68 shown in the supply of fuel to a fuel pump driven by the engine 6! driven through the shaft 62 and suitable reduction gearing from the compressor system 10 . Fuel is delivered by pump 51 through pipe 63 to a main throttle valve 64 , and thence through pipe 65 to the fuel injection nozzle 32 . The throttle valve 64 is arranged when closed to reduce the supply of fuel below that required for slow operation , and the fuel supply to operate normally slow flowing through bypass pipe- line 56 . An additional auxiliary fuel nozzle 61 is arranged to inject fuel into the combustion chamber , which is supplied from the pipe line 63 through the pipe line 68 . This auxiliary nozzle 6! may constitute the means for effecting the initial power in the combustion chamber at the start of the power plant, being provided a cap proper electrical spark igniter associated therewith . Furthermore, the fuel supply to the burner 6 ! is maintained at all times when the plant is operating.The bypass fuel line pipe 66 includes a valve 69 which is operated by a centrifugal regulator 10 which is driven via governor shaft H , L2 and the bevel gear shaft 13 , the turbine shaft power 11. Governor adjustment H ! is such that the valve 69 is closed when the turbine speed power exceeds a pre - selected and opens when the speed of the power turbine that speed drops below pro - selected . Therefore, when this value is exceeded 54 is completely closed and the supply of fuel to the fuel injection nozzle 32 through the by-pass will cease. Fuel delivery is , however , keeps the auxiliary burner 61 , to maintain a pilot flame to ignite the fuel available delivered by the burner 32, when the speed of powerturbine [5 decreases below the pre - selected or when the throttle valve 64 is opened to accelerate the vehicle .The operation of the power plant described above is as follows:It is assumed that the compressor - turbine operates at a maximum speed exceeding the maximum speed of the power turbine . corresponding to the maximum vehicle speed . Therefore, at all times when power is being delivered to the drive wheels of the compressor - I4 turbine is running at a speed exceeding the speed of powerturbine l6 .When it is desired to decelerate the vehicle , the throttle valve 64 moves in the closing direction to reduce fuel supply to the fuel nozzle 32 . This results in the system slowing compressor - turbine speed until the freewheel clutch driven member 4! corresponds to the speed of the drive member of the overrunning clutch , 42 when free-wheeling unit is coupled through the medium of rollers 44 for applying a braking torque to the drive wheels 20 due to driving wheels compressor assembly . The provision of a reduction gear between powerturbine 16 and clutch actuating member 43 ensures that the torque imposed on maintained closed abovea ra - selected turbine speed relatively low power , which corresponds a : relative speed lowvehicle . Therefore, the valve closing thethrottle 64, when the vehicle speed traveliling a valve in excess of this pro- determined result in the cessation of fuel flow the'inj'ecti'onnozzle 32 , nozzle 61 ' to maintain a pilot flame. The braking torque is imposed by the compressor ) on the drive wheels, is theref'orebe maintained during deceleration of the vehicle to the preset speed when 69 thevalve be inaugurated by Governor Into- provide a fuel flow meter pipe - E5 line to the nozzle 32, be maintained slowrunning ' power plant . Belowthe preselected turbine power system , the braking torque is ' what become ineffective , the compressor - turbine'system running'speed accelerate to slow normal .Adopting this fuel control system allows the braking torque is maintained down to a vehicle speed less than that which'is be admissible if the minimum speed compressor system - turbine that were defined by the condition of low normal engine speed . The lower limit of the speed of the turbine compressor system during deceleration must be chosen such that the fuel supply reinstated by opening the valve 69, can accelerate the engine without resulting in excessive temperatures.It will be appreciated very that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described above. For example, the reduction gear used in the driving element driving the freewheel clutch may be of epi'cyclic and the clutch may be of a type comprising frictional engagement faces are moved into and out of engagement the actuating mechanism operated by hydraulic or mechanical according Ormay sense of unity to be a hydraulic freewheel . Furthermore, if desired, a simple gear mechanism speed change can be introduced into the transmission between the reduction gear powerturbine to the road wheels or equivalent means propulsion.
Claim:
I. A land vehicle gas turbine power plant comprising a compressor , turbine driving said compressor , turbine energy, are coupled by land vehicle propulsion , transmission means between said power turbine and said means propulsion , and a link between compressorturbine and power turbine coupling is operable to allow a unit to be transmitted through it only turbine to power turbine compressor turbine 2.v land vehicle gas power plant comprising a compressor system , a system for driving said compressor compressorturbine the system, a turbine power system , earth - vehiclepropelling coupling means , said transmission mechanism between turbine power system and said propell'ingmeans , and a coupling disposed between said drive means and said compressor system , which is capable of coupling allows a unit to be transmitted through it from the driving means to said compressor system , and - transmission - a unit in the reverse direction .Three . A land comprising the gas turbine system vehicle compressor plant , turbine , conduction system , said compressor, a power system ' land turbine participation - through in vehicles between said drive mechanism . powerturbine . powertrain and said media and an overrunning clutch adapted to connect . said pro - six pollingmeans with that ; - comptessor : System: transmit. a unit for the compressor system . propulsion means andtobeincapableoiidriving propulsion means ; from , compressor system .4 '. A gas turbine plant power land vehicle comprising: a compressor system , a compressor driving turbine system . said compressor ; system a . first rotor in said system oompressor turbine energy system turbine , a second rotor in said system DOWGI ' tllIbil'lEa , land of coupling . vehicle propulsion means , a transmission mechanism : be - between said ignition system and turbine . said , means driving , a freewheel . actuated clutch . mother - . the system associated with said turbine compressor , a freewheel . clutch driving : associate member said ignition system of the turbine. conducting connections between each ofsaid clutch members and associates. turbine systems , gear means in said conduit connections , such that: the clutch part . and disengage in a. default. speed ratio of said first and second rotors.May . A gas turbine plant land vehicle system comprising a compressor, a : compressorturbine system , connected to drive said compressor system , a first rotor in said turbine compressor system a turbine power system , a second rotor that power - turbine. system , land - in : - hydrometric means of powering vehicles , the transmission mechanism between said power turbine : system and said propelling means a free Wheelclutch driven . member associated with said compressor - . turbine system a freewheel . driving : an associate member , the system power.turbine , promoting connections between each OFL said . ANDV its clutch elements . associated . turbine system , gear means in said connectionssuch that the clutch and engage disenga and driving. a ratio of the speed of said . a first rotor speed , said second rotor which is smaller than unity. vJune . A land vehicle gas turbine . power plant , comprising a compressor system , one system compressorturbine drivezsaidlcompres connectedv the system - 801E , a first rotor in said compressor system - tubbine , a power turbine . system , a second rotor in said coupling turbine power system , the earth. vehicle propulsion means , among transmissionmechanism . said power turbine , system and said propelling means , one overrunning clutch associatedv driven member to said turbine compressor system a second drive element associated freewheel . with : Power systerm said turbine direct drive connection between said driving clutch and said compressor - turbine. system , a reduction gear connecting the actuating said overrunning clutch actuating element and said turbine power system , so that the parts of the clutch engaging and disengaging in a ratio of the speed of said first rotor at a speed of said second rotor , which is less than unity .'7 . A gas turbine plant land vehicle system comprising a compressor , combustion equipment , the fuel supply means to said tión combustion turbine compressor system driving said compressor system , a system turbine power , land vehicle propulsion hitch - means, a transmission mechanism between the system unit power turbine and said propellingmeans , clutch means : between these energy systems turbine compressor turbine ANDV willing to connect the system turbine power drivinglywith . compressor system in the sense oi unit since inthe system compressor turbine system power turbine and Tobe inoperative. to drive in the re , -verse direction , means for reducing the fuel supply to said combustion equipment to a value less than that normally required to slow - operation of the power plant when driving connection is made through said clutch means between compressor systems turbine and power turbine , and said means for increasing fuel supply to a value suitable for idle power plant at a predetermined rotational speed of the turbine power system that when the system energy turbine is driving the turbine compressor system corresponds to a compressor - turbine speed, which is greater than the speed of auto- driving of the plant and at least less than said idle speed .August . A gas turbine plant land vehicle comprising a system of compressors, combustion equipment , the fuel supply means to said combustion equipment , a turbine driving said compressor system compressor system , a first rotor in said system compressor turbine , a power system turbine , a second turbine rotor in said power coupling system of land vehicle propulsion means , a drive mechanism between the transmission power of said turbine system and said means propulsion , the clutch mechanism arranged to connect the power system to drive turbine turbine compressor system and to disconnect the power system from the system turbine turbine compressor respectively above and below a speed ratio of said first rotor to said second rotor speed , which is less than unity , fuel control means in said fuel supply arranged to reduce the fuel supply to a lower value than would normally be required for slow operation plant when the clutch mechanism connects the turbine system and that said means for increasing fuel supply to an appropriate value for the plant slowrunning a predetermined rotational speed of the turbine power system when the system energy turbine is driving the turbine compressor system corresponds to a speed compressor system - turbine speed is greater than the minimum self-driving and plant less than said idle speed .9. A gas turbine power plant land vehicle as claimed in claim 7 , which includes a main fuel delivery means to said combustion equipment , the auxiliary fuel supply means to said combustion equipment , control means for oil cut the fuel supply to said main fuel supply means and to keep the fuel supplyof such aids when the fuel supply is reduced below that required for the slow - operation of the power plant.10 . A gas turbine plant land vehicle system comprising a compressor , combustion equipment , the fuel supply means to said combustion equipment , compressor system - turbine driving said compressor system , a system of turbine power the ground engaging means for propelling vehicles, transmission mechanism between said system and said propelling means powerturbine means an overrunning clutch arranged to connect said turbine system drive power to said compressor system in the sense system drive power turbine compressor system , a centrifugal regulator means driven at a speed proportional to the speed powerturbine system , fuel control means operated by said centrifugal governor arranged to reduce the fuel supplied to said combustion equipment to a value less than that normally required for slow power plant , said governor means being arranged to increase said fuel supply to a value suitable for idling at a predetermined speed powerturbine system that when the system power turbine is driving the turbine compressor system corresponds to a speed compressor system - turbine that is greater than the minimum speed selfdriving plant and less than said idle speed .11. A land vehicle gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 10 comprising a first fuel supply conduit , the fuel control valve means actuated by the centrifugal regulator in such first conduit means , a second conduit fuel supply in parallel with said first conduit and the main power throttle control means in said second conduit 12. A gas turbine power plant for propulsion of land vehicle comprising a compressor configured to have a compressor and turbine driven compressor connected together, means coupling propulsive land vehicle , driving a vehicle that has a power set turbine for driving said propulsion means , and a self - running clutch having a clutch actuating member connected to be driven by said driving and driven clutch element connected to drive said compressor assembly , and operable to established to drive the compressor from the set of driving when the clutch actuating member tends to over - stroke driven clutch member .13. A gas turbine power plant for propulsion of land vehicle comprising a compressor configured to have a compressor and a compressor drive turbine interconnected, means coupling propulsive land vehicle , a set vehicle - having a driving power turbine for driving said propulsion means , and a connection conduit having a free wheel driving member cltuch connected to be driven by said power turbine and clutch driven member connected to drive said compressor turbine and a unit operative to transmit power from the turbine of the compressor turbine when said driving clutch member tends to invade said clutch driven member .14. A gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 13 , wherein said compressor assembly includes a first rotor and said drive assembly includes a second rotor , and wherein said driving connection to - running gear comprising so that the driving connection becomes effective only after said first rotor speed has fallen to a value which has a preselected relationship to the speed of said second rotor.15. A gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 14 wherein the drive linkage includes a free-wheel reduction gear between said clutch actuating member and said power turbine so that said drive member clutch rotates at a speed less than the power of the turbine .16. A gas turbine power plant for propulsion - land vehicle set comprising a compressor having a compressor and a compressor drive turbine interconnected, land vehicle drive means coupling a set vehicle - having driving a power turbine for driving said drive means , a drive member of the clutch, driving clutch element a driving connection between the driven element of the clutch and the compressor - turbine , a second connection between the driving and powerturbine clutch member means operative to transmit a drive from the clutch actuating member for the clutch driven element when the clutch actuating member tends to invade the driven member , the clutch combustion equipment is supplied to the air from said compressor , fuel supply means fuel delivery to the combustion equipment including a throttle valve to control the supply of fuel for acceleration and deceleration , a fuel supply independent inching said throttle valve to provide sufficient fuel for the plant to operate normally slow operating speed , a closure valve for closing said slow-running fuel supply , and the governor means driving operation regulated to maintain the oil valve " closed until the set driving speed has fallen below a preset value when the driving assembly and the compressor assembly are connected corresponds to a set drive speed compressor which is higher than the minimum driving speed auto- plant and less than said idle speed , and then to restore power idle fuel by opening the valve, and means for conducting the combustion gases from the combustion equipment to the turbine and compressor power turbine .17. A gas - turbine power plant as claimed in claim 16 wherein said fuel supply means includes a pilot fuel supply throttlecontrolled independent supply and fuel supply slow operation, fuel supply to pilot fuel supplied to the combustion equipment throughout the operation of the plant.18. A gas turbine power plant land vehicle propulsion rotor comprising a compressor , a first turbine rotor connected to drive said compressor rotor ; participation land vehicle drive means and wheel clutch disposed between said drive means and said compressor rotor whereby said rotor compressor provides a braking torque to said drive means during deceleration of the vehicle only , a second turbine connected to drive said drive means , combustion equipment arranged to supply working fluid to both said turbine , a fuel supply system for said combustion equipment , means for reducing the fuel supply for the vehicle deceleration to a value below that normally required for idling or slow running of the plant , and means for increase the fuel supply to an appropriate value for idling or slow operation of the plant when the second turbine speed has dropped to a value pre - sele'cted that when the propulsion means is driving the compressor rotor , corresponds to a speed of the compressor , which is higher than the speed of auto- driving of the plant and at least less than said idle speed .19. A gas - turbine power plant as claimed in claim 18 wherein the fuel supply means 10 includes a main throttle , which is closed when the fuel supply decreases to a value below that required for slow operation an auxiliary fuel supply to supply fuel during idle, a shut off valve controlling said auxiliary fuel supply control speed sensitive means to open said valve when the speed falls below a preselected speed and to keep it closed to speeds above said preselected speed.20 . A gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 19 wherein said auxiliary fuel supply comprises a by-pass of the main throttle valve that is located in the bypass.21. A gas turbine power plant as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the fuel supply means also includes a pilot fuel supply which is arranged to be operative during operation of the plant.22. In a land vehicle , of the kind comprising the earth - that participate propulsion means , a compressor, a gas turbine for driving said compressor , fuel supply means for these turbines, and control means of said supply means fuel speedsensitive including a device arranged to control said fuel supply means for supplying fuel for idling of said turbine and the compressor when the speed detected by said speed-sensitive device passes through a selected value during deceleration, combination of those elements of a clutch between said compressor and said drive means engaging the ground and a connection between said transmission speed sensitive device and said propelling means .
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